初中新目标英语短语大全

九年级英语Unit1
1. by + doing 通过……方式 如：by studying with a group
  by 还可以表示：“在…旁”、“靠近”、“在…期间”、“用、”
    “经过”、“乘车”等
  如：I live by the river.    I have to go back by ten o’clock.
    The thief entered the room by the window.
    The student went to park by bus.
2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论 如：The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。
talk to sb. === talk with sb. 与某人说话
3. 提建议的句子：
①What/ how about +doing sth.? 
如：What/ How about going shopping?
   ②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如：Why don’t you go shopping?
   ③Why not + do sth. ?    如：Why not go shopping?    
   ④Let’s + do sth.    如： Let’s go shopping
   ⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.?    如：Shall we/ I go shopping?
4. a lot 许多  常用于句末 如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。
5. too…to 太…而不能  常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth.
如：I’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。
6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法
    三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。
   ①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,
常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级
形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.
他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。
②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk,
laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如:
She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。
③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往
含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如: 
He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。
7. not …at all 一点也不  根本不  如：
    I like milk very much. I don’t like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。
  not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾
8.    be / get excited about sth.=== be / get excited about doing sth.  
=== be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋 如：
   I am / get excited about going to Beijing.===
   I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。
9. ① end up doing sth    终止做某事，结束做某事  如：
    The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。
  ② end up with sth.    以…结束 如：
    The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。
10.   first of all 首先
.    to begin with 一开始
    later on 后来、随
11.  also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间
    either 也（用于否定句）常在句末
    too  也 (用于肯定句)   常在句末
12. make mistakes 犯错 如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。
make a mistake 犯一个错误 如： I have made a mistake.
我已经犯了一个错误。
13. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人） 如：Don’t laugh at me!
    不要取笑我!
14. take notes 做笔记，做记录
15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做… 如：
    She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。
   enjoy oneself  过得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。
16. native speaker 说本族语的人
17. make up 组成、构成
18. one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式  …其中之一
    如： She is one of the most popular teachers.
她是最受欢迎的教师之一。
19. It’s +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事…
   如：It’s difficult (for me ) to study English.
    对于我来说学习英语太难了。
    句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English
20. practice doing 练习做某事   如：
    She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。
21. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 如：
    LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。
22. unless 假如不，除非 引导条件状语从句
如：You will fail unless you work hard..假如你不努力你会失败。
    I won’t write unless he writes first. 除非他先写要不我不写
23. deal with 处理 如：I dealt with a lot of problem.
24. worry about sb./ sth. =be  worried about担心某人/ 某事
   如：Mother worried about his son just now. = Mother was worried about his son just now.
妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。
25. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 如：
I was angry with her. 我对她生气。
Be angry at sth   对某事生气
26. perhaps === maybe 也许
27. go by (时间) 过去 如： Two years went by. 两年过去了。
28.  see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生
see sb. / sth. do    看见某人在做某事 如：
   如： She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.
    她看见他正在教室里画画。
29. each other 彼此
30. regard… as … 把…看作为….  如：
The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。
31.  too many 许多 修饰可数名词 如：too many girls
too much 许多 修饰不可数名词 如：too much milk
    much too 太  修饰形容词   如：much too beautiful
32. change… into… 将…变为…
如：The magician changed the pen into a book.
    这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。
33. with the help of sb. == with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
   如：with the help of LiLei == with LiLei’s help
    在李雷的帮助下
34. compare … to … 把…与…相比
如：Compare you to Anna, you are lucky.
    你和安娜相比，你是幸运的。
35.  instead 代替 用在句末，副词（字面上常不译出来）
    instead of sth. / doing sth. 代替，而不是 用在句中，动词
  如：Last summer I went to Beijing. This year I’m going to Shanghai instead.去年夏天我去北京, 今年我将要去上海。
    I will go instead of you. 我将代替你去。
    He stayed at home instead of going swimming.
他呆在家里而不是去游泳。
九年级英语Unit2
1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
否定形式： didn’t use to do sth. / used not to do sth.
如：He used to play football after school. 放学后他过去常常踢足球。
    Did he use to play football? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
    He didn’t use to smoke. 他过去不吸烟。
2. 反意疑问句
   ①肯定陈述句＋否定提问 如：Lily is a student, isn’t she?
    Lily will go to China, won’t she?
   ②否定陈述句＋肯定提问  如：
She doesn’t come from China, does she?
You haven’t finished homework, have you?
  ③提问部分用代词而不用名词 Lily is a student, isn’t she?
  ④陈述句中含有否定意义的词，如：little, few, never, nothing, hardly,nobody等。其反意疑问句用肯定式。 如：
  He knows little English, does he? 他一点也不懂英语，不是吗？
They hardly understood it, did they?他们几乎不明白，不是吗？
3. play the piano 弹钢琴
4.  ①be interested in sth. 对…感兴趣
②be interested in doing sth. 对做…感兴趣
   如：He is interested in math, but he isn’t interested in speaking
    English. 他对数学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感兴趣。
5. interested adj. 感兴趣的，指人对某事物感兴趣，往往主语是人
  interesting adj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主语往往是物
6. still 仍然，还
  用在be 动词的后面 如：I’m still a student.
    用在行为动词的前面 如：I still love him.
7. the dark 天黑，晚上，黑暗
8. 害怕…  be terrified of sth.  如：I am terrified of the dog.
    be terrified of doing sth. 如：I am terrified of speaking.
9. on 副词，表示（电灯、电视、机械等）在运转中/打开，
其反义词off.  with the light on 灯开着
10. walk to somewhere 步行到某处  walk to school 步行到学校
11. spend 动词，表示“花费金钱、时间”
    ①spend…on sth. 在某事上花费（金钱、时间）
    ②spend…doing sth. 花费（金钱、时间）去做某事 如：
He spends too much time on clothes. 他花费太多的时间在衣着
He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。
   Pay for 花费
如：I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了10元买这本书。
12. take   动词 有“花费”的意思 常用的结构有：
  take sb.    … to do sth. 如：It takes me a day to read the book.
take … to do sth.
13. chat with sb. 与某人闲聊 如：I like to chat with him.
    我喜欢和他聊天。
14. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事 worry 是动词
  be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事 worried 是形容词
如：Don’t worry about him. 不用担心他。
  Mother is worried about her son. 妈妈担心他的儿子。
15. all the time 一直、始终
16. take sb. to + 地方 送/带某人去某个地方 如：
  A person took him to the hospital. 一个人把他送到了医院。
    Lui took me home. 刘把我送回了家。(home 的前面不能用to)
17.  hardly  adv. 几乎不、没有
    hardly ever  很少
   hardly 修饰动词时，通常放在助动词、情态动词之后，实义
动词之前 助动词/情态动词＋hardly
    hardly + 实义动词  如：
  I can hardly understand them. 我几乎不能够明白他们。
  I hardly have time to do it. 我几乎没有时间去做了。
18. miss  v.  思念、想念、 错过
19. in the last few years. 在过去的几年内 常与完成时连用 如：
    I have lived in China in the last few years.
在过去的几年内我在中国住。
20. be different from 与…不同
21. how to swim 怎样游泳
  不定式与疑问词连用：动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用，构成不定式短语。如：
    The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。
    I don’t know where to go. 我不知道去哪。
22.  make sb./ sth. + 形容词  make you happy
    make sb./ sth. + 动词原形  make him laugh
23. move to +地方 搬到某地 如：I moved to Beijing last year.
24. it seems that +从句 看起来好像…… 如：
  It seems that he has changed a lot. 看起来他好像变了许多。
25.  help sb. with sth. 帮某人某事 
help sb. (to ) do sth. 帮某人做某事
She helped me with English. 她帮助我学英语。
She helped me (to) study English。 她帮助我学习英语。
26. fifteen-year-old 作形容词 15岁的
   fifteen-year-olds 作名词指15岁的人
  fifteen years old 指年龄 15岁 如：
a fifteen-year-old boy 一个15岁的男孩
Fifteen-year-olds like to sing. 15岁的人喜欢唱歌。
I am fifteen years old . 我是15岁。
27. can’t /couldn’t afford to do sth.
    can’t / couldn’t afford sth.
   支付不起
如：I can’t/couldn’t afford to buy the car.
    I can’t/couldn’t afford the car.  我买不起这个辆小车。
28. as + 形容词./副词＋as sb. could/can 尽某人的…能力 如：
    Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她尽她最快的能力去跑。
29. get into trouble with 遇到麻烦
30. in the end 最后
31. make a decision（to do sth） 下决定 下决心
32. to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶 如：
to their surprise 令他们惊讶 to LiLei’s surprise令李雷惊讶
33. take pride in sth=be proud of. 以…而自豪 如：
   His father always take pride in him. 他的爸爸总是以他而自豪
34. pay attention to sth. 对…注意，留心 如：
  You must pay attention to your friend. 你应该多注意你的朋友。
35. be able to do sth. 能做某事 如：
   She is able to do it. 她能够做到。
36. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 如：
   My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。
37.不再  ①no more == no longer 如：
    I play tennis no more/ longer.我不再打网球。
    ②not …any more == not …any longer 如：
    I don’t play tennis any more/longer. 我不再打网球。
38. go to sleep 入睡
九年级英语Unit3
1.语态：
①英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态
  主动语态表示是动作的执行者
  被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者
   Cats  eat  fish.    （主动语态）猫吃鱼。
   Fish  is eaten  by cats. (被动语态)鱼被猫吃。
  ②被动语态的构成
  由“助动词be ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成
  助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。
时态
被动语态结构
例句
一般现在  时
am
are +过去分词
is
English is spoken
in many countries.
一般过去  时
was +过去分词
were + 过去分词
This bridge was built
in 1989.
情 态
动 词
can/should
may  +be+过去分词
must/……
The work must be
done right now.
   ③被动语态的用法
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。
2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（主动语态）如：
  Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。
be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态）如：
  LiLy is allowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允许去钦州。
3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞
让/使（别人）做某事  get sth. done(过去分词)
    have sth. done    如：
I get my car made. == I have my car made. 我让别人修好我的车