求文档: 《英语(新目标)》教材八年级上册语法

新目标人教版八年级英语语法知识讲解
　　重难点知识讲解：形容词的比较级和最高级
　　比较级的定义：大多数的形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。
　　其中比较级表示“更……”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更……”，
　　比较级前面一般用much, even, a little修饰，其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。
　　二、比较级的构成：
　　(1)规则变化：①单音节和部分双音节的形容词一般在词尾加-er:
　　Eg: calm---calmer tall---taller smart---smarter
　　②以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加 -r:
　　Eg: nice---nicer fine---finer large---larger
　　③以“辅音+y 结尾的词，变y为 i，再加-er”
　　Eg: early---earlier happy---happier busy---busier
　　④以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词，双写辅音字母，再加-er :
　　Eg: big---bigger thin---thinner hot---hotter
　　⑤多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more :
　　Eg: popular---more popular important---more important
　　(2) 不规则变化：少数形容词的比较级变化是不规则的：
　　(3)good---better bad/ill---worse many/much---more
　　little---less far---farther/further old---older/elder
　　三、比较级的用法:
　　(一)当两个人或事物（A和B）进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的原级或者比较级
　　1表达“A和B一样”，用as…as的结构。
　　公式: A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as…+B
　　A+实义动词+as+副词原级+as…+B
　　Eg I am as tall as you.我和你一样高。 He doesn’t run as fast as I. 他没有我跑得快。
　　2．表达“A不如B”用not as…as的结构。
　　公式: A+be动词的否定形式+as+形容词原级+as…+B
　　A+助词的否定形式+动词+as+形容词原级+as…+B
　　Eg I am not as tall as you.我没有你高。
　　He runs as fast as I. 他跑得和我一样快。
　　3表达“A大于B”用“比较级+than”的结构。
　　公式: A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B…
　　A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B…
　　Eg I am taller than you.我比你高。
　　He runs faster than I. 他跑得比我快。
　　(二)关于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法
　　1．比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语，意思是“更…”，“…得…”。
　　常见词有much, a little, even, a lot, a great deal等。
　　Eg He is much taller than I.他比我要高得多。
　　I jump a little higher than he.我跳得比他高一点点。
　　想一想，这些词能修饰形容词或副词的原级吗？
　　2.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”，
　　“小多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”等。
　　Eg I am two years older than he.我比他大两岁。
　　This building is 20 meters higher than that one.
　　3．“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
　　It is getting warmer and warmer．天气越来越暖和。
　　He is running faster and faster．他跑得越来越快。
　　0ur country is becoming more and more beautiful．我们祖国越来越美了。
　　4．“the more…， the more…”表示“越……，就越……”，
　　The more，the better.多多益善。
　　The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心，犯错就越少。
　　5．“the more…of the two…”表示“两个当中较。。。的一个”
　　The taller of the two boys is my brother.

　　四.当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的最高级
　　1. 表达“…是…中最…的”,用“the+形容词（副词）的最高级”的结构。 后面可以加上
　　表示范围的介词短语或从句。
　　公式： 主语+be动词+the +形容词最高级+（名词）+表示范围的介词短语或从句
　　主语+实义动词+（the） +形容词最高级+表示范围的介词短语或从句
　　Eg He is the tallest (student) in our class.
　　He jumps the highest of the three boys.
　　This is the best book that I have ever read.

　　2．表示“最…的…中一个”，用“one of +the +最高级+复数名词”的结构来表达。
　　Eg He is one of the best students in our class.他是我们班最好的学生之一。
　　This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.这是花园里最漂亮的花之。
　　注意：(一) 形容词的最高级前面有定冠词the , 而副词的最高级前面定冠词the可以省略。
　　但在形容词最高级前有物主代词时，不能要定冠词the.
　　（二）常见的用来表示范围的介词有in, of, among

　　五、运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题：
　　(一)、按语法规则，than后面的人称代词应当用主格，但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格。
　　Eg He is more careful than I (me).
　　(二)、只有同类的事物才能比较
　　e.g 1. Her bag is bigger than mine.
　　不能说 Her bag is bigger than I.
　　2 The weather of Kunming is much better than that of Shenyang.
　　不能说The weather of Kunming is much better than Shenyang.

　　【语法专项练习题】
　　That boy looks as as a boxer.
　　A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. more strong
　　2、Then Summer Palace is than Zhong Shan park.
　　A. biger B. more big C. the biggest D. bigger
　　3、Which do you like , apples or oranges?
　　A. good B. better C. best D. well
　　4、--Oh, the food is bad.
　　--I think so .And the service(服务) is __________.
　　A．the worst B. worse C. badder D. the worse
　　5、--You are the same coat as I.
　　--Yes, Mine is , but not so as yours.
　　A:better, expensive B. better, more expensive
　　C. much better, more expensive D. good, more expensive
　　The experts think that India’s population may be than China’s 2020.
　　A. much, by B. more, in C. larger, by D. larger, on
　　This year our school is than it was last year.
　　A.much beautiful B.the most beautiful C.beautifuler D.much more beautiful
　　8 you work, knowledge you will get.
　　A.The harder, more B.The harder, the more C. Harder, the more D. Harder, more
　　9.He has friends than I.A.much more B.many more C. very more D. too more
　　10.She draws better than . A. us all B. we all C. all us D. all we
　　11.Shanghai is larger than city in China.
　　A. any B. any other C. the others D. any else
　　I’m not sure whether Mary can sing Ann.
　　A. as well as B. as good as C. as better as D. so good as
　　I have fewer apples than . A. he B. his C. hers D. mine
　　The news is surprising. A. much B. very C. more D. very much
　　The population of China is larger than .
　　A.America B.the one of Americas C.that of America D. Americans
　　Which is ________clothing store in your town?
　　A. the best B. the better C. the most good D. best
　　My sister is ________person I know.
　　A. the funniest B. the funnier C . the most fun D. funniest
　　Is Mr Du _______ teacher in your school?
　　A. the most busy B.the busier C. the most busiest D. the busiest
　　He is ________more beuutiful than I.
　　A. too B. enough C. much D. very
　　The box is ______heavy .I can’t move it.
　　A. much B. more C. enough D. too
　　The book is the______one in the bookshop．
　　A.the most cheap B.the expensive C.the most expensive D.the less expensiver
　　I have _______ apples and ______milk than you.
　　A. many, little B. more, less C. more, least D. many, less
　　23、You should study English hard, because it’s getting_______ in our country .
　　A.more and more important B.more important and more important
　　C. importanter and importanter D. important and important
　　24.Her brother is ___than she. A. 7 year older B.7 year old C.7 years old D. 7 years older
　　25.The Famous People Talent Show was one of ______that I have ever seen.
　　A. the most fantastic show B. most fantastic shows
　　C. the more fantastic shows D. the most fantastic shows