初中英语七年级上册(人教版)知识点归纳
链接:
提取码: 2yfw
其实七年级的也算是很基础的，小学时候基本都学过了，差不多像是复习和巩固吧，内容还是比较简单的，现在我总结一下大致内容吧：一、48个国际音标及26个英文字母的正确书写要熟练掌握元音和辅音,5个元音字母（a, e, i, o, u）,字母的正确占格及单词间距.二、be动词的用法be动词有三种变形,分别是：am, is, are.记忆口诀：“我”用am, “你”用are, is用于“他、她、它”；单数全都用is,复数全部都用are.三、人称及人称代词的不同形式（主格和宾格）1、三种人称：第一人称（I, we）,第二人称（you, you）,第三人称（he, she, it, Maria）.2、人称代词的主格,即人称代词位于句子主语位置时的形态：I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria.3、人称代词的宾格,即人称代词位于句子宾语位置时的形态：me, us, you, you, him, her, it.4、形容词性物主代词：my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their.5、名词性物主代词：mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs.6、反身代词：myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves.四、基数词（表示数量多少的词,大致相当于代数里的自然数）zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one.五、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句1、一般疑问句：能用Yes或No来回答的问句.一般疑问句句尾读升调.2、特殊疑问句：不能用Yes或No来回答的问句.特殊疑问句句尾读降调.六、可数名词变复数可数名词变复数时,有规则变化和不规则变化两种.1、规则变化：1）一般情况直接在词尾加“-s ”,如：cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等；2）以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词,要在词尾加“-es ”,如：bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等；3）以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i再加“-es ”,如：baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等；4）部分以f (e)结尾的词,变f (e)为“ves ”,如：knife-knives, half-halves等；5）以o结尾的词,加“-s ”或“-es ”,如：zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等.记忆口诀：除了“英雄”hero外,凡是能吃的,加“-es ”,不能吃的加“-s ”.2、不规则变化：1）改变单数名词中的元音字母：man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等；2）单、复同形：sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等；3）其他形式：mouse-mice, child-children等.七、简单句的成分及主谓一致原则最基本构成：主语+谓语+宾语,其中谓语由动词来充当.主谓一致原则,就是句子的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的一致性.当主语是第三人称单数（简称“三单”）时,谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式；当主语非“三单”时,谓语动词就用原形.实意动词变“三单”的规则如下：1）一般动词在词尾加“-s ”,如：like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等；2）以字母s, x,ch, sh结尾的动词加“-es ”,如：guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等；3）以o结尾的动词一般加“-es ”,如：do-does, go-goes等；4）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加“-而是”,如：fly-flies, carry-carries等；5）have的三单形式是has.八、冠词的用法（名词前面必须要有冠词）冠词分为定冠词（the）和不定冠词（a, an）两种.1、定冠词the表示“特指”,可译为“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”.2、不定冠词a, an用来表明（可数）名词的数量是“一个”.an用于以元音开头（注意不是以元音字母开头）的单词前,a则英语非元音开头的单词前.3、不定冠词a, an与基数词one的区别是：不定冠词不是刻意强调“数量”,而基数词则强调“数量”.九、助动词（do, does ）的用法只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词.以like为例：1）当句子为肯定句时不涉及使用助动词,只涉及“主谓一致”原则.eg : I like English a lot.Michael likes Chinese food very much.2）当句子为否定句时,要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词：当主语为“三单”时,要使用does;当主语为“非三单”时,用助动词原形do.例如把下列句子变否定句：Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math.They like sports.------They don't like sports.3）当句子变疑问句时,同样要根据句子的主语来决定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子变问句：Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they don't.十、名词所有格1、Kangkang's books；Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;2、用of表示“.的”,但要从of后往of前翻译：a book of mine（我的一本书）3、have与of的区别：have一般表示“主动拥有”,往往用于有生命的人或动物；无生命的物体一般不能“主动拥有”,表示所属关系时要用of.例如：I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.a door of the house十一、课本中的知识点1、Unit 1 ——Unit 21）问候语：Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.Hi! Hello!How do you do?2）道别用语：Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.（meet用于初次见面,see用于熟人间）Nice to meet/ see you, too.Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night!3）介绍人或者物的句型：This is...4）Excuse me.与I'm sorry.的区别：Excuse me.是要引起对方的注意,而I'm sorry.则是向对方道歉.5）词组be from = come fromin English5）当问句中问到this/ that时,回答要用it；问到these/ those时,要用they来回答. 例如： What's this in English?----It's an eraser.What are those?----They are books.6）对Thanks.的回答：That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur.7）look the same = have the same looksgive sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.be like = look likein the tree/ on the tree （树上结的、长出来的用on,否则用in）in red（穿着红色的衣服）in the desk（在空间范围之内）in English（用英语）help sb. do sth.8）both与all的区别：both表示“两者都.”；all表示“三者及以上都.”.2、Unit 3——Unit 41）speak的用法speak与say不同：speak表示“说”的动作,不表示“说”的内容；say则表示“说”的内容.speak后面除了能接“语言”外,不能直接接东西,后面加了to则表示“对.说”.help sb. with sth.（帮助某人做/补习.）want to do sth.（想要做某事）would like to do sth.not...at all（一点都不）；Not at all.（没关系/别介意）like...a lot = like...very much2）some和any的区别：口诀：some用于肯定句,否定、疑问变any.例如：I have some money. I don't have any money.Do you have any money?3）have a seat = take a seat（请随便坐）4）祈使句（表示命令或请求的句子）祈使句一般都省略了主语You,所以其否定句直接用Don't开头.例如：Don't go there!5）问职业：What does sb. do?What is sb.?What's sb.'s job?6）work与job的区别：work是未必有报酬的“工作”,例如homework, housework；而job则一定是有报酬的“工作”.7）on指在物体的表面,不论这个面是否水平的,例如：on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground8）in hospital（住院）；in the hospital（在医院里）look after（照料/照顾/照看）help oneself（请自便/随便吃）9）表示“建议”的句型：“做某事如何?”What about (doing) sth.? （英式英语）How about (doing) sth.? （美式英语）Why don't you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?10）“吃”一日三餐要用have：have breakfast/ lunch/ supperhave...for breakfast/ lunch/ suppertake one's orderbe kind to sb.11）try on这个词组可合可分：名词可以放在这个词组的中间或后面,但代词只能放在词组的中间.12）在口语中往往用take表示“买”.13）how many与how much的区别：how many + 可数名词；how much + 不可数名词14）What do you think of...? 是询问对方对某事物的看法；How do you like...? 是问对方对某事物喜欢的程度.think about（考虑）Thank you all the same. （即使对方没能帮上忙,也要礼貌道谢）Thanks. = Thank you.（thank作为动词,不能单独使用.）15）one与it的区别：当上下文说的是同一种类事物时,任意一个可以用one来代替；如果上下文所说的是同一个事物时则用it.例如：Ann ：I have a yellow bag.Jane ：I have a green one.Tom ： Hey, Mike. Where is your bike?Mike ： Look, it's over there.16）倒装句Here you are.Here it is.17）be free （有空/免费）forget to do sth.（忘了去做某事）forget doing sth.（忘了做过某事）What's up? = What's wrong with...? = What's the matter with...?18）go + v.-ing结构的含义：为了实现某目的才去的.例如：go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等19）have to do sth.（非主观因素,强调客观因素,“不得不去做某事”）must 则表示主观愿望20）fly a kite = fly kitesbe free = have time21）时间的表述当分针所指的时间大于0分、小于等于30分钟时,用“分钟”past“小时”.例如：8：23——twenty-three past eight当分针所指的时间大于30分钟、小于60分钟时,用“剩余的时间”to“下一个整点”.例如：8：49——eleven to nine当然,还可以直接按照小时、分钟去读出时间,例如：8：23——eight twenty-three; 8:49——eight forty-nine整点则在数词后加“-o'clock”,例如：8：00——eight o'clock在钟点前介词要用at.22）句型“该干某事了.”：It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth. 例如：该吃午饭了.It's time to have lunch. = It's time for lunch.
